{"id":1970,"date":"2022-09-07T11:20:44","date_gmt":"2022-09-07T10:20:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/?page_id=1970"},"modified":"2023-03-08T10:04:04","modified_gmt":"2023-03-08T10:04:04","slug":"active-fire-protection","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/?page_id=1970","title":{"rendered":"Active fire protection"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Hero&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_type=&#8221;circular&#8221; background_color_gradient_direction_radial=&#8221;top left&#8221; background_color_gradient_stops=&#8221;rgba(40,40,40,0.79) 0%|rgba(40,40,40,0.86) 100%&#8221; background_color_gradient_overlays_image=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_start=&#8221;rgba(40,40,40,0.79)&#8221; background_color_gradient_end=&#8221;rgba(40,40,40,0.86)&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Mactan-Cebu-International-Airport-Terminal-2_-Cebu-City_-Philippines_c-IDA-smallest-1024&#215;335-2.webp&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0vw||0vw||true|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_3,1_3&#8243; module_id=&#8221;home1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Roboto Condensed||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;54px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;54px&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Rubik|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;64px&#8221; header_line_height=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; background_enable_color=&#8221;off&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; max_width=&#8221;800px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px|&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|||16px&#8221; sticky_position=&#8221;top&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;44px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;32px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#ffb400&#8243; border_width_left=&#8221;10px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; text_font_size__sticky=&#8221;35px&#8221; text_font_size__sticky_enabled=&#8221;on|sticky&#8221; background_enable_color__sticky=&#8221;on&#8221; background__sticky_enabled=&#8221;on|sticky&#8221; background_color__sticky=&#8221;#000000&#8243;]Active fire protection[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||2px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;24px|0px|0px|0px|false|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">This section covers active fire protection systems  &#8211; those that become operational only when a fire occurs &#8211; including water-based sprinkler systems, one of the most commonly encountered types of active fire protection systems in timber buildings. <\/span>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#E09900&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;8px|16px|8px|16px|true|true&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|14px|14px|14px|14px&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;2px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#800080&#8243; text_line_height=&#8221;1em&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px|0px|true|false&#8221; sticky_position=&#8221;top&#8221; motion_trigger_start=&#8221;bottom&#8221; border_radii=&#8221;on|32px|32px|32px|32px&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; background_color__sticky=&#8221;#5e5e5e&#8221; background_enable_color__sticky=&#8221;on&#8221; custom_margin__sticky_enabled=&#8221;on|sticky&#8221; custom_margin__sticky=&#8221;0px||0px|0px|true|false&#8221; text_font_size__sticky_enabled=&#8221;on|sticky&#8221; text_font_size__sticky=&#8221;20px&#8221; text_text_color__sticky_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; text_text_color__sticky=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; custom_padding__sticky_enabled=&#8221;on|sticky&#8221; custom_padding__sticky=&#8221;15px||15px|0px|true|false&#8221; background__sticky_enabled=&#8221;on|sticky&#8221; border_width_all__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; border_width_all__sticky=&#8221;3px&#8221; border_width_all__sticky_enabled=&#8221;on|sticky&#8221; border_color_all__sticky=&#8221;#e09900&#8243; border_color_all__sticky_enabled=&#8221;on|sticky&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e09900;\"><a href=\"\/active-fire-protection\/#home1\" style=\"color: #e09900;\">Return to the top<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>To Search All Text On This Page<\/p>\n<p>On Windows &#8211; Press Ctl+F<\/p>\n<p>On Mac &#8211; Command+F<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;left&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px|0px|false|false&#8221; custom_css_before=&#8221;color:#000000;&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;color:#000000;&#8221; custom_css_after=&#8221;color:#000000;&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]PDF page for printing <div class=\"printfriendly pf-button  pf-alignleft\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/?page_id=1970&#038;pfstyle=wp\" rel=\"nofollow\" onclick=\"\" title=\"Printer Friendly, PDF & Email\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/PDF-Icon.png\" alt=\"Print Friendly, PDF & Email\" class=\"pf-button-img\" style=\"width: 50px;height: 50px;\"  \/><span id=\"printfriendly-text2\" class=\"pf-button-text\"><\/span>\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Project Details&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||true|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; background__sticky_enabled=&#8221;on|sticky&#8221; background_color__sticky=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; background_enable_color__sticky=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_enable_color=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_4_font_size=&#8221;24px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>This site is suitable for a wide range of users, with technical information<br \/>levels 1 and 2 available on closed toggles<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_4_font_size=&#8221;24px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;14px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #12788e; background-color: #ffffff;\">Technical level 1\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #800080; background-color: #ffffff;\">\u00a0 Technical level 2\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Project Details&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;-13px|||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;25px||25px||true|&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||16px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_divider color=&#8221;#E09900&#8243; divider_weight=&#8221;13px&#8221; module_id=&#8221;home1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;10%&#8221; max_width_tablet=&#8221;13%&#8221; max_width_phone=&#8221;25%&#8221; max_width_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px||0px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_4_font_size=&#8221;21px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|10px|10px|10px|false|true&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"\/active-fire-protection\/#chapter1\" style=\"color: #000000;\">Basic requirements<\/a><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #12788e;\">Statutory requirements<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_4_font_size=&#8221;21px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|10px|10px|10px|false|true&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"\/active-fire-protection\/#chapter2\" style=\"color: #000000;\">Sprinkler systems<\/a><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #12788e;\">Residential sprinklers<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #12788e;\">Water mist systems<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #12788e;\">Fire safety design with sprinklers<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_4_font_size=&#8221;21px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|10px|10px|10px|false|true&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4><a href=\"\/active-fire-protection\/#chapter4\">Maintenance and resilience<\/a><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #12788e;\">Periodic inspection<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_4_font_size=&#8221;21px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|10px|10px|10px|false|true&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #808000;\"><a href=\"\/active-fire-protection\/#chapter5\" style=\"color: #800080;\">Bibliography<\/a><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;6px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_divider color=&#8221;#E09900&#8243; divider_weight=&#8221;13px&#8221; module_id=&#8221;chapter1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;10%&#8221; max_width_tablet=&#8221;13%&#8221; max_width_phone=&#8221;25%&#8221; max_width_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px||0px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Roboto Condensed||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;37px&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#ffa300&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Basic requirements [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||13px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>The main reasons for using active fire protection are to gain time for safe evacuation and to control or suppress a fire in order to minimise fire damage to contents and buildings.<\/p>\n<p>Active fire protection will include a means of automatic fire detection as well as devices that control the growth, suppression or extinguishing of the fire. They may also include provisions to help the fire and rescue services to rescue occupants and minimise property damage and\/or fight the fire.<\/p>\n<p>According to the UK building code, sprinkler systems are required in buildings classified as purpose groups 3 to 7(a) where there is a top storey more than 30 m above ground level &#8211; offices, shops and commercial buildings, those used for assembly and recreation, industrial, storage and other non-residential use (except car parks for light vehicles)\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>For residential buildings where a top storey is more than 11 m above ground level, a sprinkler system is required throughout the building. This is a recent amendment to the UK building code, which came into force in 2020, changing the trigger height from 30 to 11 m for the requirement of the provision of sprinklers in block of flats <span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_toggle title=&#8221;Statutory requirements (Technical level 1)&#8221; open_toggle_text_color=&#8221;#12788e&#8221; closed_toggle_text_color=&#8221;#12788e&#8221; closed_toggle_background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; open_icon_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; module_class=&#8221;bullet_list_spacing&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>In buildings or parts of buildings where sprinkler systems are required, the design and installation of sprinkler systems for residential buildings must comply with the requirements of\u00a0<em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/standardsdevelopment.bsigroup.com\/projects\/2019-03073#\/section\" style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BS 9251<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/em>, whereas non-residential sprinkler systems are required to comply with <em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/standardsdevelopment.bsigroup.com\/search?Term=12845\" style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BS EN 12845<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/span>.\u00a0In addition to these, however, sprinklers may be demanded by other (non-statutory) stakeholders such as insurance companies.<\/p>\n<p>In order to match the capability of the sprinkler system to the type of risk it will have to face, risks are grouped into hazard classifications. There are three main divisions, each based on the expected fuel load of the occupancy and the rate of fire growth expected from the contents or processes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>LH &#8211; light hazard (low combustible loading, with a slow rate of fire growth)<\/li>\n<li>OH &#8211; ordinary hazard (low to moderate combustible loading, with moderate to fast rate of fire growth)<\/li>\n<li>HH &#8211; high hazard (high combustible content, with fast to ultra-fast rate of fire growth).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The ordinary and high hazard classes are subdivided to further qualify the type of risk. The classifications principally depend upon the quantity and type of combustible materials contained in the risk, the speed at which a fire is likely to develop, and any processes that will produce particularly severe circumstances for fire propagation <span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_divider color=&#8221;#E09900&#8243; divider_weight=&#8221;13px&#8221; module_id=&#8221;chapter2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;10%&#8221; max_width_tablet=&#8221;13%&#8221; max_width_phone=&#8221;25%&#8221; max_width_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px||0px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Roboto Condensed||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;37px&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#ffa300&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Sprinkler systems[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Fixed fire suppression systems control, suppress or extinguish a fire either by cooling and\/or wetting unburnt material, by lowering the oxygen level or by chemical reaction. Typically, fixed fire suppression systems will be designed and installed to control or suppress fire growth, as opposed to completely extinguishing the fire, meaning that it is assumed that manual intervention is needed to complete the suppression.<\/p>\n<p>This section mainly covers water-based sprinkler systems, as they are one of the most common types of active fire system.<\/p>\n<p>Sprinkler systems were developed more than a century ago by the insurance industry for property and asset protection. Their applicability to the protection of life has only recently begun to be recognised, and relevant standards developed. Although in the past sprinkler systems have been installed to cover an entire building or complex, their suitability for localised high-risk areas is now recognized.<\/p>\n<p>The installation of a sprinkler system may result in a reduction in insurance premiums, the amount of portable fire-fighting equipment necessary, and more flexibility in the design and use of the building.<\/p>\n<p>Usually part of a package of fire precautions in a building, a sprinkler system consists of a reliable water supply that feeds an array of individual sprinkler heads mounted at the correct spacing on an appropriately sized network of hydraulic pipes. Water may be supplied from one or more tanks by gravity or pumps, or taken directly from the water main if sufficient pressure and flow are guaranteed at all times.<\/p>\n<p>The heads do not operate in unison, as each is an individual heat detector. The typical operating temperature for a sprinkler head is 68<span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><sup>o<\/span>C, but the thermal inertia in the mass of the sprinkler head and associated thermal fuse, creates an inherent delay between the moment fire gases have reached this temperature in the proximity of the head and the head\u2019s activation and water discharge. This delay is characterised by the Response Time Index (RTI).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>There are several variations on the basic sprinkler design, intended to deal with unusual ambient conditions or particular risks. Many codes and standards are available to cover all aspects of the design, specification, installation and maintenance of sprinkler systems, e.g. EN 12845.<\/p>\n<p>Sprinkler systems have a long and successful history. Correctly specified, installed and maintained, they have a high success rate in controlling or suppressing fires. The design and calculations take into account the size and construction of the building, the category of goods stored in it and the characterisation of occupancy. Water damage from sprinkler systems is minimal. Accidental discharge of water from sprinkler heads is an extremely rare event, as is water leaking from sprinkler pipe work.<\/p>\n<p>Given that very few sprinkler heads may activate in the event of a fire, water damage from sprinkler systems is often minimal. The water supply from sprinklers is far less than from a fire brigade arriving at a much later stage. Accidental discharge of water from sprinkler heads is a rare event, as is water leaking from sprinkler pipe work.<\/p>\n<p>Automatic sprinklers are the most commonly installed fire suppression systems and are often used to reduce risks that arise from the building\u2019s use, e.g. in industry, to protect vulnerable individuals or high-value contents, or to compensate for the materials used in the building\u2019s construction. They are also often used in modern buildings, such as airports or storage facilities, to allow extensive open spaces to be created without structural compartment walls. They may also be used to protect premises that are geographically isolated.<\/p>\n<p>It is important that the reason for installation is understood and that, in those cases where the system has been provided as part of a fire engineering design for the building, the responsible person is made aware of and understands the interaction of the system and other building design and service features.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_toggle title=&#8221;Residential sprinklers (Technical level 1)&#8221; open_toggle_text_color=&#8221;#12788e&#8221; closed_toggle_text_color=&#8221;#12788e&#8221; closed_toggle_background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; open_icon_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; module_id=&#8221;chapter2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Residential sprinklers, introduced in Northern America in the late 70\u2019s as a new tool to reduce the high number of fire victims <span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/span> are simpler systems, with the water supply directly connected to the ordinary tap water system. Experience shows they have been effective in saving lives, since they extinguish or delay a fire at an early stage and increase the time for escape <span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/span>. Sprinklers in residential buildings should be designed in accordance with <em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/standardsdevelopment.bsigroup.com\/projects\/2019-03073#\/section\" style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BS 9251<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/em><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_24.jpg\" width=\"542\" height=\"204\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2920 aligncenter size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_24.jpg 542w, https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_24-480x181.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 542px, 100vw\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=&#8221;Water mist systems (Technical level 1)&#8221; open_toggle_text_color=&#8221;#12788e&#8221; closed_toggle_text_color=&#8221;#12788e&#8221; closed_toggle_background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; open_icon_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; module_id=&#8221;chapter2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Water mist systems were originally developed to suppress fires in ship\u2019s engine rooms. They discharge water as much finer droplets than conventional sprinkler systems, and typically have a relatively low water delivery rate.\u00a0 Unlike conventional sprinkler systems, water mist systems tend not to use interchangeable components, and therefore the design and installation of the complete system must be carefully controlled by a single supplier.<\/p>\n<p>Water mist systems from different manufacturers may operate at different pressures, they may use pumps or pressurised cylinders to provide the driving force to discharge water through activated heads, and they may produce different droplet sizes.\u00a0 Therefore performance-based burning commodity tests are used to evaluate the main design parameters, such as nozzle type, nozzle spacing, nozzle installation height, minimum working pressure etc. In addition, individual components are subjected to component tests, which have been adopted from similar tests for conventional sprinkler system components.<\/p>\n<p>Land-based water mist systems are proving particularly cost-effective in retro-fit applications, such as residential units, or to protect specific risks such as computer cabinets.\u00a0 They discharge water through specially developed nozzles to produce fine droplets \u2013 much smaller than traditional sprinkler systems.<\/p>\n<p>Triggering is similar to that used with conventional sprinkler systems, typically using an individual glass bulb or fusible link to activate individual heads.\u00a0 The droplets are sufficiently small to be entrained by convective currents produced by the fire and can be drawn into and quickly cool the combustion zone or seat of the fire.\u00a0 They work best when used to control a growing fire in a relatively small compartment or room (as opposed to an assembly hall or warehouse), where the relatively fine water mist provides fire suppression by a combination of wetting, cooling and oxygen displacement.<\/p>\n<p>Currently, the NFPA 750 <span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/span> standard is available for design and installation, and further standardisation work is underway.\u00a0 As users of water mist fire suppression systems are dependent on the manufacturer\u2019s information and data, the design and installation of a successful water mist system must be based on a risk assessment, taking into account the probable type and location of fire, the fuel and the immediate environment.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=&#8221;Fire safety design with sprinklers (Technical level 1)&#8221; open_toggle_text_color=&#8221;#12788e&#8221; closed_toggle_text_color=&#8221;#12788e&#8221; closed_toggle_background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; open_icon_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; module_id=&#8221;chapter3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Installing a sprinkler system can allow the performance requirements of certain aspects of the fire safety design to be relaxed. This can facilitate a more flexible building design and the use of alternative building products. For example, fire resistance periods of structural elements can be reduced if a building is fitted with sprinklers.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Fire-safety-example.jpg\" width=\"664\" height=\"304\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1978 aligncenter size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Fire-safety-example.jpg 664w, https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Fire-safety-example-480x220.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 664px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Figure 3: Principle for fire safety design by sprinklers. Increased fire safety by installation of sprinklers may lead to relaxations in the passive fire protection features, and still fulfil the same or higher safety level <span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Sprinkler installation may provide special benefits for greater use of wood in buildings, although the implementation of alternative fire safety design with sprinklers may vary between countries. Some examples are given in Table 1. For more information see chapter 10 in <em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781003190318\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\">Fire Safe Use of Wood in Buildings<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Table 1: Comparison of some reduced requirements for passive fire protection in sprinkled buildings in different countries.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_25.jpg\" width=\"739\" height=\"542\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2924 aligncenter size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_25.jpg 739w, https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_25-480x352.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 739px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Notes:<br \/>\n1) Estonia: Two of following requirements could be different when using sprinklers:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">&#8211; Area of each storey of the building<br \/>\n&#8211; Area of fire compartment<br \/>\n&#8211; Length of escape route<br \/>\n&#8211; Fire resistance of load-bearing structures<br \/>\n&#8211; Fire resistance of separating structures between fire compartments<br \/>\n&#8211; Reaction to fire requirements of structures<br \/>\n&#8211; Fire spread limitation requirements to neighbouring buildings<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">2) Finland: Derogations may be allowed concerning:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 120px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">&#8211; Gross floor area of the building and the areas of its fire compartments<br \/>\n&#8211; Length of passageways to exit<br \/>\n&#8211; Classification of fire load<br \/>\n&#8211; Constructions (slower rise in temperature and cooling of load-bearing constructions)<br \/>\n&#8211; Reaction-to-fire requirements of surfaces (internal &amp; external)<br \/>\n&#8211; Distance between buildings<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">3) Germany: Combustible surfaces limited to 50 %<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">4) Germany: REI 60 for \u2264 400 m\u00b2<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">5) UK: Parts of wall can be of poorer performance than specified, provided the total area of those parts in any one room does not exceed one half of the floor area of the room, and subject to a maximum of 20 m\u00b2 in domestic and 60 m\u00b2 in non-residential premises.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The UK building code is not as flexible when it comes to reduction of the passive protection in sprinklered buildings as, for example, the Swedish building code, where the difference between the allowance in non and sprinklered buildings is significantly greater for external and internal linings. There are however other alternative solutions which can be adopted using the UK building code in sprinklered buildings to achieve a reduction in the fire safety design. See Table 2.<\/p>\n<p>Table 2: Alternative solutions allowed for in the UK building code in sprinklered buildings.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_26.jpg\" width=\"651\" height=\"770\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2930 aligncenter size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_26.jpg 651w, https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_26-480x568.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 651px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Notwithstanding the table above, further reduction in fire safety requirements with the provision of sprinklers could be possible by adopting a performance-based approach, where new alternative solutions could be derived or departures made from the building code. For information in regard to the performance-based fire safety design refer to <em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/design-approaches-fire-safety-wood-in-construction\/\" style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Structural design approaches<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/em>.[\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;6px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_divider color=&#8221;#E09900&#8243; divider_weight=&#8221;13px&#8221; module_id=&#8221;chapter4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;10%&#8221; max_width_tablet=&#8221;13%&#8221; max_width_phone=&#8221;25%&#8221; max_width_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px||0px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; text_font=&#8221;Roboto Condensed||||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;37px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1em&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#ffa300&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Maintenance and resilience<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_class=&#8221;bullet_list_spacing&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Fires in buildings are rare events, and both active and passive fire protection measures and systems must be serviced and maintained in order to ensure they will function when a fire occurs. Before a sprinkler system is taken into use however, it is also required to be tested prior to commission to ensure that the design objectives are met. In common with all piped services, the control of installation standards and proper commissioning and testing of the completed installations are very important. However, unlike other piped services, the completed installation will not normally be tested in full operational mode. Therefore, even greater care should be exercised to ensure that the design objectives are met.<\/p>\n<p>The commissioning and testing normally carried out is likely to consist of the following elements<span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/span>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pneumatic and hydrostatic testing of installation pipework<\/li>\n<li>Water supply testing<\/li>\n<li>Alarms and monitoring facilities<\/li>\n<li>Third-party certification.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When the system is handed over to the user, a comprehensive operation and maintenance manual should be provided, which should contain:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Full documentation for the entire system, its components and all associated plant, alarms, utility supplies, etc, including record drawings<\/li>\n<li>Instructions for the day-to-day operation of the system and procedures to be adopted in fire conditions<\/li>\n<li>A full schedule of all maintenance and testing required to keep the system in full working order.<span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_toggle title=&#8221;Periodic inspection (Technical level 1)&#8221; open_toggle_text_color=&#8221;#12788E&#8221; closed_toggle_text_color=&#8221;#12788E&#8221; closed_toggle_background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; open_icon_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; module_id=&#8221;chapter5&#8243; module_class=&#8221;bullet_list_spacing&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>The sprinkler system must be inspected by a qualified person at least once a year. It is often wise for the user to have the testing, maintenance and servicing carried out under a service agreement with the installer or an accredited servicing company. The LPS 1048 scheme <span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/span> lists contractors considered to be suitable for maintenance of sprinkler systems, and choosing a contractor from this list should bring an expectation of reliability and capability <span style=\"font-size: 12px;\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>If a sprinkler system forms an integral part of the fire strategy for a building, it is necessary to ensure that management procedures are in place to cater for those periods when the sprinkler system is not functional.\u00a0 Such procedures may include the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Limit any planned shutdown to lower-risk periods, when building occupant numbers are low (e.g. at night, at weekends or during public holidays)<\/li>\n<li>Isolate the area without working sprinklers from the rest of the premises by fire-resisting material<\/li>\n<li>Avoid high-risk processes such as \u2018hot-work\u2019<\/li>\n<li>Training and deployment of additional staff as fire patrols<\/li>\n<li>Suspension of phased evacuation. Evacuation of occupants should be immediate and total. (Exercise caution, as stairway widths may be designed for phased evacuation only)<\/li>\n<li>Inform the local fire and rescue service.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=&#8221;Bibliography (Technical level 2)&#8221; open_toggle_text_color=&#8221;#800080&#8243; closed_toggle_text_color=&#8221;#800080&#8243; closed_toggle_background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; icon_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; open_icon_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; module_id=&#8221;chapter5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>1 HM Government, Fire safety Approved document B, The building regulations, Volume 2: Building other than dwellings, 2020.<\/p>\n<p>2 HM Government, Fire safety Approved document B, The building regulations, Volume 1: Dwellings, 2020.<\/p>\n<p>3 EN 12845:2015 Fixed firefighting systems &#8211; Automatic sprinkler systems &#8211; Design, installation and maintenence.<\/p>\n<p>4 Fire Safety Engineering, CBISE Guide E.<\/p>\n<p>5 National Fire Protection Association, NFPA 13 R. Sprinkler systems for residential occupancies up to and including four stories in height.<\/p>\n<p>6 J. Robertson, Building codes and NFPA Standards, Session 2 Water based fire suppression systems, Vancouver, Canada, 2000.<\/p>\n<p>7 NFPA 750. Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems, National Fire Protection Association, USA.<\/p>\n<p>8 A. M. N. F. \u00d6stman B, Residential sprinklers save lifes \u2013 Experience and fire safety design with new possibilities (in Swedish), Tr\u00e4tek Publication 0202007, 2002.<\/p>\n<p>9 \u00d6stman B, Alternative building design by residential sprinklers. Proceedings Interflam, 1269-1274, Edinburgh, 2001.<\/p>\n<p>10 LPS 1048-1 Requirements for the approval of sprinkler systems contractors in the UK and Eire (Watford: BRE Certification).<\/p>\n<p>11 Nystedt F, Verifying Alternatives in Building with Fire Sprinkler Systems, Department of Fire Safety Engineering and Systems Safety, Lund University, Sweden. Report 3150, 2010.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Active fire protectionThis section covers active fire protection systems &#8211; those that become operational only when a fire occurs &#8211; including water-based sprinkler systems, one of the most commonly encountered types of active fire protection systems in timber buildings. Return to the topTo Search All Text On This Page On Windows &#8211; Press Ctl+F On [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1970","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Active fire protection - Fire Safety Wood in Construction<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This section covers active fire protection systems \u2013 those that become operational only when a fire occurs \u2013 including water-based sprinkler system.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/?page_id=1970\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Active fire protection - Fire Safety Wood in Construction\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This section covers active fire protection systems \u2013 those that become operational only when a fire occurs \u2013 including water-based sprinkler system.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/?page_id=1970\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Fire Safety Wood in Construction\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-03-08T10:04:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_24.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"15 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/timberfiresafety.org\\\/?page_id=1970\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/timberfiresafety.org\\\/?page_id=1970\",\"name\":\"Active fire protection - Fire Safety Wood in Construction\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/timberfiresafety.org\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/timberfiresafety.org\\\/?page_id=1970#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/timberfiresafety.org\\\/?page_id=1970#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/timberfiresafety.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/Screenshot_24.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-09-07T10:20:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-03-08T10:04:04+00:00\",\"description\":\"This section covers active fire protection systems \u2013 those that become operational only when a fire occurs \u2013 including water-based sprinkler system.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/timberfiresafety.org\\\/?page_id=1970#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/timberfiresafety.org\\\/?page_id=1970\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/timberfiresafety.org\\\/?page_id=1970#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/timberfiresafety.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/Screenshot_24.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/timberfiresafety.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/Screenshot_24.jpg\",\"width\":542,\"height\":204},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/timberfiresafety.org\\\/?page_id=1970#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/timberfiresafety.org\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Active fire protection\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/timberfiresafety.org\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/timberfiresafety.org\\\/\",\"name\":\"Fire Safety Wood in Construction\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/timberfiresafety.org\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Active fire protection - Fire Safety Wood in Construction","description":"This section covers active fire protection systems \u2013 those that become operational only when a fire occurs \u2013 including water-based sprinkler system.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/?page_id=1970","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Active fire protection - Fire Safety Wood in Construction","og_description":"This section covers active fire protection systems \u2013 those that become operational only when a fire occurs \u2013 including water-based sprinkler system.","og_url":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/?page_id=1970","og_site_name":"Fire Safety Wood in Construction","article_modified_time":"2023-03-08T10:04:04+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_24.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"15 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/?page_id=1970","url":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/?page_id=1970","name":"Active fire protection - Fire Safety Wood in Construction","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/?page_id=1970#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/?page_id=1970#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_24.jpg","datePublished":"2022-09-07T10:20:44+00:00","dateModified":"2023-03-08T10:04:04+00:00","description":"This section covers active fire protection systems \u2013 those that become operational only when a fire occurs \u2013 including water-based sprinkler system.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/?page_id=1970#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/?page_id=1970"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/?page_id=1970#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_24.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Screenshot_24.jpg","width":542,"height":204},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/?page_id=1970#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Active fire protection"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/","name":"Fire Safety Wood in Construction","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1970","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1970"}],"version-history":[{"count":66,"href":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1970\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4225,"href":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1970\/revisions\/4225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/timberfiresafety.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}